ISU-152 Current Optics - In case you were wondering.

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mlespaul

FNG / Fresh Meat
As the mod crew already mentioned, the current optical gunsight used for the ISU-152 in RO is the commander's periscope TPK-1, for right now until the CT/ST-10 is located.

Some people have asked me what that curved/arced range scale on the bottom is for, and so in case anyone was curious it is for this:

Its a rangefinding scale that was used by the commander by placing the target right between the imaginary horizontal line (in this case right below the '30' mark to the far left that extends all the the way to the right) and the top horizontal 'upside down T' line where the top of the target touches the closest number. You then multiply this number by 100 and that is your distance to the target in meters, 1m = 1.11 yards. I don't believe this method of finding range is accurate or activated in the game.

Any Dragunov users please chime in if I have this wrong.
 

jeffduquette

FNG / Fresh Meat
Feb 19, 2008
339
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I have uploaded the gunners sight reticle for the ST10 (CT10 in cyrillic). The source is a Soviet Service manual I have for the SU-152. The service manual is dated 1950.

Regards
Jeff

 

jeffduquette

FNG / Fresh Meat
Feb 19, 2008
339
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Boy...this is an extremely odd forum. I have tried several times to post an image of the CT10 sight reticle to this thread. This was two days ago. None of the postings have appeared.
 

Shurek

FNG / Fresh Meat
May 21, 2006
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www.darkesthourgame.com
Post us a link to a download location: FileFront,RapidShare,Megaupload,SendSpace...any of the free upload sites. Guaranteed that one (or more of us) will pick it up ASAP:)

Thanks for your help!!!!
 

Shurek

FNG / Fresh Meat
May 21, 2006
857
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www.darkesthourgame.com
WOOHOO, hallelujah!!!! We've been looking for this thing for quite some time. This will definitely be included in the final vehicle build. One question though, some of the sources that I've read say this should be only scaled to 900m. Maybe I don't know how to read these sights correctly, but it looks scaled higher than that.
 

jeffduquette

FNG / Fresh Meat
Feb 19, 2008
339
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WOOHOO, hallelujah!!!! We've been looking for this thing for quite some time. This will definitely be included in the final vehicle build. One question though, some of the sources that I've read say this should be only scaled to 900m. Maybe I don't know how to read these sights correctly, but it looks scaled higher than that.

It looks like many ballistic reticles -- at least to me. Range lines are shown along the three verticle scales -- lead lines (deflection) are shown along the top horizontal scale. The numbers along the vertical scales are ranges in hundreds of meters. I assume the deflection lines\lead line scale is in mils.

I don't know the maginfication of the sight nor the field of view, but obviously the picture of the tank in the rendering I posted is far bigger than how it should actually appear in the gunners sight picture -- that is unless this thing is like a 10X sight (which seems highly unlikely for this time period).

Best Regards
Jeff
 

Amizaur

FNG / Fresh Meat
Aug 18, 2006
275
3
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Gdansk, Poland
Yes, halleluyah and thanks !!! I thought it would be similar to 10T-13, 10T-15 ;P only with more scales (they are described in manual, they are for firing on reduced charges) and it's in fact quite similar, being "moving cross" type, T-34/76 like gunsight.

But.... well it says it's CT-10.. but it seem to be scaled for much longer than 900m.... It's about 620m on the scale for full charge shot (right) but on picture then use the reduced charge (??) left scale... have to check in ISU manual, can't remember which is which. Then all the info from internet (about CT-10 being 900m sight, and for longer shots the PG-1 had to be used) is just plain wrong ?

Can you post whole picture/page (I would like to see the CT-18 too... eeee would like very much - isn't CT-18 a sight for ISU-122 ??), and best would be of course to have the full manual (I read Russian a little bit). Then the reticle and ways of laying the gun and shooting are described.

BTW if it's really CT-10, then shooting at 5000m would be EXTREMELY difficult, not only it would take ages for the shot to reach the target, not only the 152mm howitzer is not most accurate weapon, but also the CT-10 itself has only x2 magnification (and 18deg FOV) and the target would be very small.... The target would be not that big (would be a dot in fact) at 3000m, not even mentioning that the instruction probably doesn't even allow firing 152mm short howitzer at tanks from such large distances - other that with HE shells. Maybe it's really 300m but misprinted ???

It's possible that you can't reply to yourself (post twice) on this forum, and also can't post too soon after last post (1 minute?) so maybe this is the problem with posting ? But why your posts from several days ago (not one) didn't show up, I have no idea :(

P.S. According to the manual (the one we had before, without pictures), my crude translation:


The first scale from left, "scale named above ДГ, below ПЕРВ / ПУШ is ment for steel long range fragmentation/HE grenade OF-540 on first charge AND for AP shell with tracer" (so at least this is cleared).

But the fact that the scale is joined, doesn't mean that both shells have identical ballistics - often a conversion table was used for firing some kinds of AP ammo - in T-34/76, T-34/85 and IS-2 too. You had to learn very fast table reading, or... just have it in your memory, in the heat of battle, to aim and shoot fast and effectively. On this picture is seem they use the scale directly (3000m range, line set to 30).

Second and third scales from the left, "scales named above БТ and ДГ and below ГАУБ / ПЕРВ and ГАУБ / ПОЛН are ment for firing on first (reduced) and full charge with anti-concrete T-530 shell and steel long range fragmentation/HE grenade OF-530 and Iron cast fragmentation/HE grenade OF-530A."

Hmm, the T-510 in the manual is probably misprint, as the shell is actually named Г-510 (and the scale - ГАУБ). Which raises interesting issue, that the manuals (and labels on pictures in them) are not error-free, and common sense/comparing with other sources is advised :)

Now, the grenades on mentioned for the two right scales have same weights and with the same charge achieve same MVs, also have probably same or similar ballistic coefficients, so using the same scale for all without conversion tables is likely.

The OF-540 grenade and BR-540 AP have same weight, but very different ballistic coefficients !!

edit: of course they have DIFFERENT weight so also different muzzle velocities... my error

The scale for my best knowledge can't be used directly for both, because of different ballistics !! So maybe the "anti-tank shell with tracer" mentioned in this 1950s manual is the BR-540B APBC which has ballistic cap and ballistics very similar to OF-540 - and this is why the scale is set at 30 for 3000m target.

edit: again I see a problem, if BR-540B is still 48kg shell and OF-540 43.6kg shell, then they can't possibly have same muzzle velocity so the scale can't be correct for both... even if ballistics are the same. Or something was done with that, like increasing BR-540B charge to get same muzzle vel. as for HE shel... but could the barrel withstand that ? Decreasing OF-540 muzzle velocity to same as BR-540B ? But that would reduce the range, and I think its very unlikely solution (90% of fired shells are HE, so too much tables/manuals/gunsights would have to be replaced).

In case of BR-540 (pure AP) used during the war, the scale would be set at much more than 30 to reach 3000m (the exact value would be read from tables) or the sight looked little different in war-production ISU-152s and there was a separate scale for BR-540.
But I think the first is true (scales same, conversion table used) as BR-540B was already on mind for future use probably, and BR-540 was thought to be a temporary solution.

So much of my comment to this. I wanted actually try to make a gunsight texture (looking and working like 10T-15, so similar to T-34/76 sight but incorporating the 3 scales mentioned above, scaled accorindgly to sight zoom and FOV) if we didn't find the picture of CT-10 :) now I don't have to fortunately :)

Ami

P.S.2 I would like very much to see the full manual, if it's possible :) Maybe some info about ammo can be found there ?
 
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mlespaul

FNG / Fresh Meat
Yes, it turns up fine.

Be advised also, Ami, that this is also a moving reticle, like the one for the 85-mm SP, in that the vertical hair also moves longitudinally for deflection.

As for the range scale being different than 900, perhaps the sight had been upgraded by 1950 if the ammo-load out had also been modified. Either way I'm totally jazzed we got it, and it's awesome to have.

THANKS VERY MUCH JEFF!!!
 
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Amizaur

FNG / Fresh Meat
Aug 18, 2006
275
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Gdansk, Poland
One more thought - I use Opera browser, and sometimes I didn't see my post after sending it, even using "refresh" didn't work - I still had the version from cache instead of fresh one. Sometimes I launched IE just to see if I posted anything :/ Maybe it was similar problem ?

Mlespaul - be sure I know it's moving reticle :), the hair lines are designed to be moved, sure :). Just usually when I talk about "moving reticle" I mean situation where whole big parts of reticle pattern, photoed on the plate, is moving together, like in TSh-16 or TZF-9, not only the hair lines. A reverse of the TMFD-style gunsight - with stationary lines, moving background.

As for the range scale being different than 900, perhaps the sight had been upgraded by 1950 if the ammo-load out had also been modified.

Maybe... The upgraded version in ISU-152K was called PT-10 or something like that... 6x zoom. No closer description in manual. But maybe the CT-10 was upgraded indepenently, for ISU-152M, it's just a glass plate to replace, after all... And - maybe - the mechanism that moves it (if the range of the possible vertical plate movement was too small).

edit: just realised that this is said to be manual of SU-152, not ISU-152. Well I'm not even sure how much of SU-152s survived the war and how long they were used post-war, in Poland there were 3 SU-152s after WW2 and were used for training up to 1949. It's unlikely they would be modernised at all...
I think it's a typo and we are talking about ISU-152 (M. K) manual, Jeff ?

In case of PT-10 - it's completly new sight (different optics) so this upgrade is bit more serious...

I would wonder then, why the range scale was so limited in original version ? Nobody realised it would be "nice" to have sight scaled over 1km ?

Jeff, can we, please, se the right picture, of CT-18 too ??? And - what is the name of the manual you took this picture from ?? Is it really SU-152 ? Or ISU-152 ? Or ISU-152M or K versions ?? edit: the presence of CT-18 sight strongly suggest ISU-152 manual, or just ISU 152/122 manual - but in what versions ?

But anyway BIG THANKS, even having this single picture is great !
 
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jeffduquette

FNG / Fresh Meat
Feb 19, 2008
339
1
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A bit more info for CT-10 gunners sight:

Magnification: 2X
FOV: 18-degrees

The range lines are in terms of 100's of meters. The left verticle reticle (which was used for at least OF-540 HE\Frag and BR-540 AP) is therefore graduated between 0 and 5800-meters.

I haven't been able to determine the spacing units for the deflection\lead lines at the top of the reticle. From the image I posted it looks like the gunner is utilizing 8-"units" of lead for a moving tank sized target at a range of 3000meters. Assuming the graduations are in Russian mils (1-deg is approximately 16.667mils), than the lead equates to about 25-meters @ 3000meter, or roughly four tank lengths -- give or take. For a big slow moving monster like BR-540, that would imply that the target is moving across the gunners line of fire at about 7 or 8mph. Which all sounds about right -- that is assuming the CT-10 site picture above actually represents a practicle example. Still sounds like a hell of a shot to try, but it seems reasonable that the deflection scale numbers are mils.
 

Amizaur

FNG / Fresh Meat
Aug 18, 2006
275
3
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45
Gdansk, Poland
Deflection scale is in mils - at least in any other Russian tank gunsight. And it looks identical like in TMDF sight. Russian mil is definied as 1/6000 of full circle.
I also wonder, why they didn't take 1000m or 500m as the example shot.... 3000m ??? :-O They didn't shot routinely to 3000m even with 122 and 100mm guns, instructions (at least in Polish military manual from 1947, which is at this era copy of Russian tactics anyway) say that any shooting above 2500m is only done to group targets (and preferably - also by multiple vehicles/guns).

Also consider the dispersion of the shot - 122mm gun at 3000m have theoretical dispersion of about 1m (50% of the shots should land inside circle 2m in diameter) but it's theoretical gun dispersion, not possible to achieve in field with tank gunsights... multiple it by 2 at least, for good crew. And dispersion of 152mm L32 is not as good as for L46 122mm gun... :/ So what would be a hit probability of such shot, 2% ? :/ Either it's a very stupid example....

Could someone translate the description of the picture ? The left scale can be used for HE shells as well, and shooting to a "vehicle" with HE shells on such long range would have MUCH more sense than using an AP shell. Is it said anything about AP shell in the description under the picture ??
The line on the gunsight is set directly on 3000m (without using conversion table, which would give result of something like 3240m setting for 3000m AP shot) so this would also imply HE shot and not AP shot.

What I mean: When IS-2 (well, tank is not given but the gunsight is TSh-17, and Polish army didn't have IS-3s fielded, AFAIK only 2 vehicles were bought), so when IS-2 shots with BR-471 AP shell for 3000m, the gunner is ordered to set on the scale NOT 30, but 35 to hit the target at 3000m. For 2000m shot it sets 22 and so on. There is a table for that. For ranges 1100m and less the settings are same (i.e for 1100m shot it sets 11, but for 1200m shot it sets 13. I can only guess that accuracy isn't best with this method (accuracy in range), at least for the first shot... but for IS-2 first shot is THE shot...

The BR-471B APBC and OF-471N HE have identical ballistics and are shot using the scale directly (i.e. 30 setting for 3000m shot). Better practical accuracy can be guessed.

P.S. OK, I just got it.

As we know, the left scale is for AP shell (most likely BR-540B APBC), having muzzle velocity of 600m/s. And also for the OF-540 HE shell but on the reduced charge !! - I wrote it myself and forgot that :(. With full charge the OF-540 have muzzle velocity of 655m/s and the sight scale couldn't be use for both shells directly, without conversion table. But on the reduced charge, the muzzle velocity of OF-540 is IIRC 605m/s - and this is close enough to 600m/s of BR-540B for both shells having very similar trajectory (BR-540B, having ballistic cap, is very similar or in shape with OF-540). So the scale can in fact be used directly for both OF-540 (on reduced charge) and BR-540B. Not sure what would be accuracy on long ranges (BR-540B is heavier) but this is close enough to be possible.

The scale could be set as on the picture, for 3000m APBC shot. Which doesn't change the fact that this would be rather stupid shot... :/

Now I can sleep well ;)

P.S. Can't sleep anyway :( so I did a basic CT-10 sight texture for the CO's ISU-152 using T3476 sight as a base (copy paste work). It's not yet finished (lower labels have to be added), I may also add missing details and rescale it a bit down (it's a 2.0 zoom, so everything on it should be 20% smaller than on T3476 sight, we are getting also more room for labels making scales wider, then). Should be ready late tomorrow.

 
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jeffduquette

FNG / Fresh Meat
Feb 19, 2008
339
1
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Yes -- very nice depiction of the CT-10 reticle.

I think this site is gobbling my posts again.

No evidence that BR-540B APBC was available -- at least not in the manual I have. It appears to be a post war projectile, but I don't as yet have exact date of availability. The description of the left reticle specifically indicates BR-540 AP and OF-540 at charge-1.

In addition, BR-540B does not appear in the firing tables for the 152mm gun-howitzer.
 
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jeffduquette

FNG / Fresh Meat
Feb 19, 2008
339
1
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Left scale is used for the HE, long range, steel, gun projectile OF-540 with charge 1. The same scale is used for firing the armor piercing tracer projectile BR-540 with special charge and the standard full charge less one increment.

The center scale is used for the concrete piercing projectile G-530 with charge 1.

The right scale is used for concrete piercing projectile G-530 with full charge.

The scale for lateral corrections -- this scale has a field of view to the right and left from a vertical line and is graduated into mils, the graduation are from 0 to 32 right and left in 4 mil graduations.

When firing fragmentation, long range steel, projectile OF-530 and the long range, cast steel projectile O-530A with charges full and 1st, set the model CT-10 sight with the scale for firing the concrete piercing projectiles G-530 and use the corresponding charge.
 

mlespaul

FNG / Fresh Meat
Maybe this helps (Maybe not :eek: ) -

From the SU-85 manual (1943)

2005438871636935904_rs.jpg


The caption says (loose machine translation): "Pic. 25. The diagram of laying the crosshair for the 10Т-15 sight to shoot at a tank at a range of 800 M and the lateral adjustment. (Tank moves from left to right)."