{YBBS}Sage said:
European nations had more to do with stopping hostilities than anything else. The UN did act as somewhat of a buffer against it exploding into a larger conflict.
Let's see a couple of the UN's huge ****-ups:
Rwanda; the commander of UN forces decides that things are getting too thick, and decides to raid militia arms stores. He communicates this to his superiors, who send his plan along to the Rwandan government, who are in league with the militias. The UN also orders the commander NOT to raid the arms stores. Having NOT been disarmed, the militias go out for some ethnic cleansing.
Being canadian, I've spent a bit of time reading about Rwanda and Gen Romeo Dallaire.
You can call Rwanda a UN failure, but a great deal of the blame can be laid directly on the doorstep of France, Belgium, and the US (amongst others).
France knew in advance the preparations were being made to massacre the Tutsi minority and did nothing about it. They also supplied weapons to the Hutu's WHILE the massacres were in progress. Finally, when their troops arrived (outside of UN auspices, mind you), they protected the guilty. There is even some evidence that France supplied the anti-aircraft missiles that were used to shoot down the then president of the country, the event that triggered the catastrophe.
Belgium pulled out their troops after the death of 16 of their soldiers. Granted, given that Rwanda used to be a colony, they probably shouldn't have been there in the first place, but they were the only really combat capable troops in the command. The Belgians also had advance warning of the massacres.
Finally, the US dragged their feet on beefing up the UN force, in part to avoid another Somalia. The ultimate embarrasment had to be watching that state department official hem and haw around the definition of genocide on national television.
On the other hand, there were some examples of selfless sacrifice. The troops contingent from Ghana reportedly performed very well and stayed with the mission until the end.
The main problem with UN peacekeeping missions is that, if they don't have a NATO (or equivalent) backbone, they will be inneffective. Most NATO countries would prefer to avoid UN involvment. The UN pays countries to provide troops which is why you see countries like Bangladesh volunteer so frequently. Unfortunately, they usually show up without logistical support, vehicles, or even ammunition.
Bottom line: Rwanda was certainly not a UN success, but the real villain was France.