I just wanted to add one more little bit of evidence that I am not talking ****:
The Basic Drill is one that all individual soldiers are supposed to perform if they come under fire.
The basic drill is:
Double tap
Run two or three steps
Drop to the ground or into cover
Crawl a few yards (or move under concealment/cover)
Observe
Shoot (identified targets of opportunity within effective range)
Move
Observe
Shoot
Repeat until issued orders.
The basic drill is designed to provide a soldier with simple steps to follow under the stress of combat. The essential goal of the basic drill is to move the soldier into cover, remove him from the last position where he was likely to be seen by the enemy, and keep him positively engaged by identifying and shooting any targets in range until his commander makes an appraisal and issues instructions.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individual_Movement_Techniques
That, my friends, is EXACTLY what I was taught, and I have done it over and over again in training, for real. EVERYONE. Gunner, Corporal, Radioman, EVERYONE, does this. Now, for your edification, I will explain WHY we did those things.
"Double tap"
This means that your VERY first reaction, no matter what, is to fire two shots (or a burst) in the direction of the incoming fire. They are aimed only in so far as you don't just shoot randomly, but at the most likely source of the fire, either by seeing it, or just feeling or whatever.
"Run two or three steps"
This is because your double tap has marked your position clearly to anyone looking for a target, so you simply throw off their aim a bit by running a few steps. Note, you have NOT crouched or gone prone... at least you have not changed stance. You just fire two shots and move about two to three paces away, preferably in the direction of some cover.
"Drop to the ground or into cover"
Even if you are in the open, go prone. If you are right beside a trench, go prone beside the trench if you have to, but get as low as you can as quick as you can. You've thrown off their aim by moving, but not for long. If you keep moving they will lead you and kill you because you are upright.
A small target is a low profile target. Crouching is not low profile, even if you are behind a wall. Penetrating rounds can kill. Fragmentation from grenades can kill. Fragmentation from the cover itself can kill. Low profile is always safer. In real terrain, going prone in the grass alone can make you invisible, let alone little rises in the land between you and the enemy.
If it's just grass, it's concealment. If it's solid land or anything that can stop reasonably heavy calibre rounds it's cover. Most structures do not provide cover. They provide concealment. A heavy machine gun will shoot right through a typical modern brick house and kill people on the other side.You will be safer prone on the ground outside, than crouching inside, unless the enemy HAS seen you. Prone inside, is the safest option.
Do not think this is the end. This is just what you do so that you don't die before you can actually begin fighting.
"Crawl a few yards (or move under concealment/cover)"
Now, you have survived the initial contact, but the enemy knows exactly where you are. He will kill you or suppress you unless you move. You do not run to a window and try to fire back. You will die. You move deeper into the house, or crawl a few metres along the trench or whatever you have to do so that if a grenade lands at the point where you first went prone, it will not hurt you. When tanks are around, and one was shooting at you or likely saw you, remember a HE shell has a lot bigger bang than a hand grenade.
"Observe"
This is why running into a structure is not actually the desirable option. It's better than open fields, but not if there is rolling terrain. If you enter a structure, then you must put your head into a hole in the cover to see what is going on. This is what the enemy is looking for. He can't see through walls, so he's looking at the windows and holes that he can see through. You just went to all that trouble so that he didn't know where you were, but now you have just shown him. If he takes the shot, you have to go back to step one... or die trying.
Rolling terrain in open country is still preferable to that because you have so much choice as to where you stick your head up and what is behind it (to disguise the outline of your head). The goal is always to remain unobserved by the enemy. If the enemy knows where you are, he can kill you, so don't give him that chance.
Being concealed is not just about him not seeing you it's about him not knowing where you are. If you run behind the only bush in a field, you better hope the terrain allows you to crawl away from it without being noticed, or you will die.
So at this point you are looking to find the enemy. If he's shooting, look for tracer, muzzle flash, terrain disturbance. Dust and foliage movement is a bigger give away than muzzle flash and smoke. The flash might be the size of a man's head, but the whole bush might shake, and a cloud of dust lingers.
If you can't see any trace of his fire, or he isn't shooting, think about places that might be possible to hide far behind. A small hill in the foreground could allow a guy 100m away standing upright to be totally concealed. Think about how the engagement began and look for likely ways he may have seen you and place he might have chosen to move to to get a better shot at you. If this wasn't a planned ambush, he may be doing this drill, double tap, run, drop and so on.
Your ears are better than your eyes for searching for a target. Listen for fire, listen for movement or yelling. If you think you hear him, look and see, but don't get seen. Also look for outgoing fire heading in the direction of the enemy. Everyone should be doing what you are doing, so if one of them took a shot, he must have seen the enemy. Try and see where his fire is landing, because that will give you a point to start searching from.
"Shoot"
Now this is important. You DO NOT shoot at any likely place he may be. If you do, and he is not, or you do not hit him, you have just given away your location. Only shoot if you SEE a target. If you see a guy drop into cover, shoot at him. If you just THINK a guy may be in cover, do not shoot at it just to see if he is there.
You are not trying scare the enemy, you are simply suppressing him, if not killing him, when you see him, and indicating his location to your platoon. At least at this stage. Remember, this is all happening within a few seconds of the first shot being fired at you.
"Move"
Now comes the most important part, MOVE. Stay concealed, not necessarily in cover, but unobserved by the enemy, and move at least 5 to 10 metres. It doesn't matter where as much as that you do it.
If you are not in contact with your squad leader, try to move towards them. If you were unable to observe the enemy or he is in a position that still directly threatens you, for example if you dropped in long grass and moved, but still have no solid cover between you and the enemy, now look for better cover. If you can't get to it by moving no more than 10m then, at least move towards it, but at the 10m mark stop, and move on to the next part.
"Observe"
Now you are not just looking for the enemy again, you are also looking for squad members etc and likely routes the enemy may be taking when he moves and the best routes you can see to move to better cover or closer to the enemy or your squad leader. Even if you were in cover, leave the cover and move into only concealment if that is necessary to move, because at this point you are now trying to form up with your squad as much as you are fighting the enemy. You are not attacking the enemy, you are simply killing easy targets or keeping them from following you or whatever while you try to reform the squad, ready for orders.
You do these last two steps over and over again until you rejoin your squad or, and this is important, you are shot at again. If you are shot at you start over. There are slight differences in some of the repeated steps, so that is why you mentally start over, even though it is mostly the same as just repeating the last two.
The order part comes next. This is when the platoon or squad commander decides how to deal with the enemy. Remember, at this stage the enemy is no longer meant to know where you are to any great precision. He may know you are on the other side of this field somewhere, but you can't shoot that.
In other words, if a 10 man squad runs into a battalion sized defensive position, they don't get themselves killed, and can safely fall back to their parent unit, because the enemy doesn't know where they are, and every time they move it makes it less likely the enemy can even guess.
These drills are done by anyone no matter what weapon they are carrying. A machine gunner simply fires a three round burst when a rifleman would fire single shot. When the section commander is controlling your fire, he will actually call the exact shots he wants, like:
"Gun group! Front 50m, white house. Third window from the left. 3 round burst. Fire!"
or
"Rifle group! Cover your arcs. 5 rounds rapid fire!"
This is how a real infantry unit works.
Now here is an important part for the gunners. If the platoon commander calls for suppressing fire, he doesn't mean you just go somewhere, set up, and start shooting in the general direction of the enemy. What he means is while he is moving the riflemen where he wants them, you will be moving around the area shooting at the enemy. You fire a couple of bursts and move on, not only to make it harder for the enemy to kill you, but because if you didn't kill him with those two bursts, he must have good enough cover that you could shoot at him all day without killing him, and while you are shooting at him, HIS squad is trying to find and kill you.
So you move to find a better position to get the kill. While the gunner is moving the gun, the second gunner will be covering him with suppressive fire. He will take careful aimed shots at the enemy, trying to kill them. He shoots, even if it is just to put a hole in the wall an inch above the enemies head. But the intention is always to kill, if possible, so aiming AT the enemy is always better than over or around the enemy. You may kill him through the cover. They are AIMED shots.
When the gunner sets up again and starts firing, the second gunner joins him nearby, ready to take over the gun if the gunner is hit, and to provide ammo or other assistance with the gun as needed.
They repeat this over and over again, moving back and forth, pushing forward with the riflemen, always trying to kill the enemy and keeping them distracted and focused on the gun. When the rest of the squad is moving at this point, they would have been hidden from the enemy, so they may be running through dead ground or whatever, to carry out the action they were ordered to do, such as moving to a flank. They will be trying to stay completely hidden, so they will not be firing. The only thing shooting is the gun. Every enemy is now thinking... do I look for some guy crawling in the bush, or do I look for that MG that is firing rounds at me every now and then, especially if I try to move?
Most people try to find the guy who is firing. They forget about all the guys who aren't. Don't you do the same. The guy shooting at you may only be one of many. So every time you take a shot, you are asking to get shot. You do not stay in one place long enough for someone to get a good shot at you. If they do, move.